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Market Insights

Protocol Primers
In-depth, institutional-grade primers on major crypto protocols. Each piece explains what the project does, how it works, its business model, key metrics, and core risks so operators, investors, and builders can quickly get up to speed.


Base Protocol Primer
What is Base? Base is a Layer‑2 (L2) blockchain built on Ethereum, incubated by Coinbase and powered by Optimism’s OP Stack (an “optimistic rollup” framework). It batches (“rolls up”) user transactions off‑chain and periodically posts them to Ethereum for final settlement, inheriting Ethereum’s security while offering lower fees and higher throughput. Base is positioned as the infrastructure and distribution layer for Coinbase’s onchain strategy (Base App, Base Pay, Base Buil
Nov 303 min read


PYUSD: PayPal’s Digital Dollar, Actually Explained
What PYUSD Actually Is PYUSD (PayPal USD) is a U.S. dollar–backed stablecoin issued by Paxos and integrated natively into PayPal and Venmo. PYUSD Market Cap as of 11/26/2026 Core design points: Peg: 1 PYUSD is designed to track 1 U.S. dollar. On PayPal, you can buy and sell PYUSD at a 1:1 rate with USD. Backing: It’s fully backed by a mix of USD deposits, U.S. Treasuries, and similar cash equivalents held in reserve. Issuer / custodian: Issued by Paxos Trust Company, a re
Nov 262 min read


Ripple (XRP) - Project Memo Primer
(Informational only – not investment advice) Executive Summary At the core of that vision is the XRP Ledger (XRPL), a public, high-throughput blockchain optimized for payments and asset transfers. It settles transactions in 3–5 seconds, with fees typically a fraction of a cent, making it suitable for cross-border payments, remittances, and tokenized assets. Ripple builds enterprise products on top of this ledger including RippleNet for bank-to-bank messaging and settlement,
Nov 253 min read


Zcash: Is not the Swiss Bank of Crypto
A short research paper + live tape on ZEC. Its not the Swiss Bank of Cryptocurrencies
Nov 52 min read


Bitcoin for Retail Investors: A Practical Guide to a New Kind of Money
Purpose: help you understand what Bitcoin is, how to hold it safely, and how to use it without getting tripped up.Not investment advice. Consider your own circumstances and consult a professional as needed. Executive Summary What it is: Bitcoin is a scarce digital asset and a payments network that runs without banks. Supply is capped at 21 million coins and new issuance halves roughly every four years. Units: 1 bitcoin (BTC) is divisible into 100,000,000 satoshis (“sats”).
Oct 64 min read
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